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unmoved mover
The unmoved mover (,〔Aristotle, ''Metaphysics'' XII, 1072a.〕 ''ho ou kinoúmenos kineî'', "that which moves without being moved") or prime mover ((ラテン語:primum movens)) is a monotheistic concept advanced by Aristotle, a polytheist,〔(Aristotle and the Theology of the Living Immortals )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Definition of ‘Pagan’: Monotheism and Polytheism )〕 as a primary cause or "mover" of all the motion in the universe.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Aristotle's Natural Philosophy: Movers and Unmoved Mover )〕 As is implicit in the name, the "unmoved mover" moves other things, but is not itself moved by any prior action. In Book 12 (Greek "Λ") of his ''Metaphysics'', Aristotle describes the unmoved mover as being perfectly beautiful, indivisible, and contemplating only the perfect contemplation: itself contemplating. He equates this concept also with the Active Intellect. This Aristotelian concept had its roots in cosmological speculations of the earliest Greek "Pre-Socratic" philosophers and became highly influential and widely drawn upon in medieval philosophy and theology. St. Thomas Aquinas, for example, elaborated on the Unmoved Mover in the ''Quinque viae''.
== First philosophy ==
Aristotle argues, in Book 8 of the ''Physics'' and Book 12 of the ''Metaphysics'', "that there must be an immortal, unchanging being, ultimately responsible for all wholeness and orderliness in the sensible world".
In the ''Physics'' (VIII 4–6) Aristotle finds "surprising difficulties" explaining even commonplace change, and in support of his approach of explanation by four causes, he required "a fair bit of technical machinery". This "machinery" includes potentiality and actuality, hylomorphism, the theory of categories, and "an audacious and intriguing argument, that the bare existence of change requires the postulation of a first cause, an unmoved mover whose necessary existence underpins the ceaseless activity of the world of motion". Aristotle's "first philosophy", or ''Metaphysics'' ("''after'' the Physics"), develops his peculiar stellar theology of the prime mover, as : an independent divine eternal unchanging immaterial substance.〔
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